Biofisica quantistica nel cervello umano – CANCELLATO

Devo appurare con un certo stupore, che il mio articolo di qualche tempo fa sulle possibili e molto discusse connessioni fra biofisica, coscienza e meccanica quantistica era stato indicizzato dai motori di ricerca affiancato ad altri siti meno seri e che riportavano diverse notizie prive di fondamento, referenze bibliografiche e serietà.

Da parte mia l’intenzione era quella di dare ad un primo lettore alcuni spunti di possibili letture per approfondire l’argomento riguardante lo studio degli stati quantistici all’interno dei microtubuli, argomento che ad ora non ha trovato risposte scientificamente provate, ma che può essere un interessante spunto di riflessione per chi come come è interessato allo studio dei fenomeni naturali ed in particolare alle stranezze della meccanica quantistica.

La vicinanza di questi argomenti alla cultura New Age e ad altre forme di misticismo, animismo e miscredenze simili, mi ha indotto ad eliminare l’articolo dal mio sito, in modo che la serietà scientifica non venga compromessa.

 Riporto da wikipedia una lista di letture riguardanti l’argomento coscienza quantistica che cercano di non sforare nel campo New Age…

1. ^{a b} Penrose, Roger (1989). The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics. Oxford University Press. pp. 480. ISBN 0-198-51973-7. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Penrose, Roger (1989). Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness. Oxford University Press. pp. 457. ISBN 0-19-853978-9. 
3. ^ Marshall, W., Simon, C., Penrose, R., and Bouwmeester, D. (2003). “Towards quantum superpositions of a mirror”. Physical Review Letters 91: 130401. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.130401. http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0210001. 
4. ^ Hameroff, S.R., and Watt, R.C. (1982). “Information processing in microtubules”. Journal of Theoretical Biology 98: 549–561. http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/documents/informationprocessing_hameroff_000.pdf. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Hameroff, S.R. (1987). Ultimate Computing. Elsevier. http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/ultimatecomputing.html. 
6. ^ Hameroff, Stuart (2008). “That’s life! The geometry of π electron resonance clouds”. in Abbott, D; Davies, P; Pati, A. Quantum aspects of life. World Scientific. pp. 403–434. http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/documents/Hameroff_received-1-05-07.pdf. Retrieved Jan 21, 2010. 
7. ^ Hameroff, S.R. (2006). “The entwined mysteries of anesthesia and consciousness”. Anesthesiology 105: 400–412. 
8. ^ Hameroff, S. (2009). “The “conscious pilot” – dendritic synchrony moves through the brain to mediate consciousness”. Journal of Biological Physics. doi:10.1007/s10867-009-9148-x. 
9. ^ Bennett, M.V.L., and Zukin, R.S. (2004). “Electrical Coupling and Neuronal Synchronization in the Mammalian Brain”. Neuron 41: 495–511. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00043-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00043-1. 
10. ^ Specifically:
    Buhl, D.L., Harris, K.D., Hormuzdi, S.G., Monyer, H., and Buzsaki, G. (2003). “Selective Impairment of Hippocampal Gamma Oscillations in Connexin-36 Knock-Out Mouse In Vivo”. Journal of Neuroscience 23: 1013–1018. 
    Dermietzel, R. (1998). “Gap junction wiring: a `new’ principle in cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system?”. Brain Research Reviews 26: 176–183. 
    Draguhn, A., Traub, R.D., Schmitz, D., and Jefferys, J.G.R. (1998). “Electrical coupling underlies high-frequency oscillations in the hippocampus in vitro”. Nature 394: 189–192. 
    Fries, P., Schroder, J.-H., Roelfsema, P.R., Singer, W., and Engel, A.K. (2002). “Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization in Primary Visual Cortex as a Correlate of Stimulus Selection”. Journal of Neuroscience 22: 3739–3754. 
    Galarreta, M., and Hestrin, S. (1999). “A network of fast-spiking cells in the neocortex connected by electrical synapses”. Nature 402: 72–75. 
    Gibson, J.R., Beierlein, M., and Connors, B.W. (1999). “Two networks of electrically coupled inhibitory neurons in neocortex”. Nature 402: 75–79. 
    Hormuzdi, S.G., Filippov, M.A., Mitropoulou, G., Monyer, H., and Bruzzone, R. (2004). “Electrical synapses: a dynamic signaling system that shapes the activity of neuronal networks”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1662: 113–137. 
    LeBeau, F.E.N., Traub, R.D., Monyer, H., Whittington, M.A., and Buhl, E.H. (2003). “The role of electrical signaling via gap junctions in the generation of fast network oscillations”. Brain Research Bulletin 62: 3–13. 
    Velazquez, J.L.P., and Carlen, P.L. (2000). “Gap junctions, synchrony and seizures”. Trends in Neurosciences 23: 68–74. 
    Rozental, R., and de Carvalho, A.C.C. (2000). “Introduction”. Brain Research Reviews 32: 1–2. 
11. ^ A 1995 issue of Psyche was devoted to this:
    Maudlin, T. (1995). “Between The Motion And The Act… A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2396/2325. 
    Klein, S.A. (1995). “Is Quantum Mechanics Relevant To Understanding Consciousness A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2397/2326. 
    McCullough, D. (1995). “Can Humans Escape Gödel? A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2398/2327. 
    Moravec, H. (1995). “Roger Penrose’s Gravitonic Brains A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2399/2328. 
    Baars, B.J. (1995). “Can Physics Provide a Theory of Consciousness? A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2401/2330. 
    Chalmers, D.J. (1995). “Minds, Machines, And Mathematics A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2402/2331. 
    McCarthy, J. (1995). “Awareness and Understanding in Computer Programs A Review of Shadows of the Mind by Roger Penrose”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2403/2332. 
    McDermott, D. (1995). “ Penrose is Wrong”. Psyche 2. http://journalpsyche.org/ojs-2.2/index.php/psyche/article/view/2406/2335. 
12. ^ Grush, R., Churchland, P.S. (1995). “Gaps in Penrose’s toilings”. Journal of Consciousness Studies 2 (1): 10–29. http://mind.ucsd.edu/papers/penrose/penrose.pdf. 
13. ^ Feferman, S. (1996). “Penrose’s Gödelian argument”. Psyche 2: 21–32. http://math.stanford.edu/~feferman/papers/penrose.pdf. 
14. ^ Tegmark, M.. “Importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes”. Physical Review E 61: 4194–4206. 
15. ^ Engel, G.S., Calhoun, T.R., Read, E.L., Ahn, T.-K., Mancal, T., Cheng, Y.-C., Blankenship, R.E., and Fleming, G.R. (2007). “Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems”. Nature 446: 782–786. 
16. ^ Hagan, S., Hameroff, S., and Tuszyński, J.. “Quantum Computation in Brain Microtubules? Decoherence and Biological Feasibility”. Physical Review E 65: 061901. http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0005025. 
17. ^ Hameroff, S. (2006), “Consciousness, Neurobiology and Quantum Mechanics”, in Tuszynski, Jack, The Emerging Physics of Consciousness, Springer, pp. 193–253 
18. ^ Hameroff, S.R. (1998). “Quantum Computation In Brain Microtubules? The Penrose-Hameroff “Orch OR” model of consciousness”. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London (A) 356: 1869–1896. http://www.quantumconsciousness.org/penrose-hameroff/quantumcomputation.html. 
19. ^ Kikkawa, M., Ishikawa, T., Nakata, T., Wakabayashi, T., Hirokawa, N. (1994). “Direct visualization of the microtubule lattice seam both in vitro and in vivo”. Journal of Cell Biology 127 (6): 1965–1971. doi:10.1083/jcb.127.6.1965. http://jcb.rupress.org/cgi/content/abstract/127/6/1965. 
20. ^ Kikkawa, M., Metlagel, Z. (2006). “A molecular “zipper” for microtubules”. Cell 127 (7): 1302–1304. doi:doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.009. 
21. ^ Reimers, J.R., McKemmish, L.K., McKenzie, R.H., Mark, A.E., and Hush, N.S. (2009). “Weak, strong, and coherent regimes of Fröhlich condensation and their applications to terahertz medicine and quantum consciousness”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106: 4219–4224. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806273106. 
22. ^ Georgiev, D.D. (2007). “Falsifications of Hameroff-Penrose Orch OR model of consciousness and novel avenues for development of quantum mind theory”. NeuroQuantology 5 (1): 145–174. http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00003049/. 
23. ^ Georgiev, D.D. (2009). “Remarks on the number of tubulin dimers per neuron and implications for Hameroff-Penrose Orch”. NeuroQuantology 7 (4): 677–679. http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3860/version/1. 
24. ^ De Zeeuw, C.I., Hertzberg, E.L., Mugnaini, E.. “The dendritic lamellar body: A new neuronal organelle putatively associated with dendrodentritic gap junctions”. Journal of Neuroscience 15: 1587–1604. 
25. ^ Georgiev, D.D. (2009). “Tubulin-bound GTP can not pump microtubule coherence in stable microtubules. Towards a revision of microtubule based quantum models of mind”. NeuroQuantology 7 (4): 538–547. http://www.neuroquantology.com/journal/index.php/nq/article/view/358. 
26. ^ McKemmish, L.K., Reimers, J.R., McKenzie, R.H., Mark, A.E., and Hush, N.S. (2009). “Penrose-Hameroff orchestrated objective-reduction proposal for human consciousness is not biologically feasible”. Physical Review E 80: 021912–021916. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.80.021912. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.80.021912.

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